HLM (Habitation a Loyer Modere) - "housing at moderated rents"/ "rent-controlled housing"/ "subsidised housing", accounts for 40-50% of all rented housing in France, housing nearly a quarter of the population, approximately 14 million people in four million residences.
The HLM system was created in 1950 in response to France's post-war housing crisis, and has many parallels with the post-war social housing boom in Britain, both in terms of scale, planning and architectural style and also many of their subsequent failings. As in Britain, many were located in the "banlieue" or "outskirts" of cities which created problems as a result of economic and social isolation and exclusion.
The HLM system was created in 1950 in response to France's post-war housing crisis, and has many parallels with the post-war social housing boom in Britain, both in terms of scale, planning and architectural style and also many of their subsequent failings. As in Britain, many were located in the "banlieue" or "outskirts" of cities which created problems as a result of economic and social isolation and exclusion.
Most HLM residences were built in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when a large number of planned communities, or ZUP (zones à urbaniser en priorité: 'priority urbanisation zones') were constructed, mostly in the Paris suburbs. In total, 195 ZUP were created, producing over two million new, mostly HLM, residences.
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